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The Treatment of Paranoid Phenomena: The Development of the Self

Patients with paranoid phenomena can be seen to suffer from pathological narcissism. Clinically, they present with two problems. First, they have, in the past, “trusted too much.” Second, the ownership of self has been subjugated to the plans of others. A treatment approach based on two principles: (1) the warding off of projections and (2) the renewal of initiative is described. These treatment principles are illustrated in case vignettes as they operate in three distinct phases of psychotherapy.

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